This book contains lectures and interviews with the famous American linguist and public figure Noam Chomsky, in which he outlines his views on the connection between the science of language and the biological sciences, on the relationship between language, thinking and the brain. The book discusses an approach based on the idea that universal grammar is a system of principles and parameters; this approach provides a potential solution to the logical problem of language acquisition. The author also talks about the economical structure of language and describes the provisions of the Minimalist program. The final chapter of the book reflects the socio-political aspect of Chomsky’s work - this is an essay devoted to criticism of the role of the intellectual elite of Western countries in justifying the foreign policies of these states or hushing up their negative consequences. The book is recommended for philologists, psychologists, political scientists, as well as anyone interested in the problems of language in terms of its connections with the biological sciences and the problems of political trends in the modern world.