In this work, the late Kostroma Marxist Avenir Solovyov traces the natural evolution of the director corps in the former USSR: how the process of steady transformation of directors from formal hired employees of the owner state into economic owners of the enterprises they manage went on. Thus, the author factually proves that in Russia / the USSR there has never been socialism in the Marxist sense of this concept. Strictly scientific conclusions about what the economy of the USSR actually was on the eve of Gorbachev’s “perestroika” still cause extreme irritation among various pseudo-communists today.. .